1. Darmok spelled backwards is a weird spelling of Comrade. Tanagra spelled backwards is a weird spelling of Argonaut. Jalad spelled backwards has no clear significance but I gotta figure it out

2. As linguists have been saying since that episode aired, there is nothing actually weird about the language of that species. every language consists of “bunches of sounds/symbols and the meaning they currently have in people’s minds, even if those sounds/symbols evolved from earlier ones that had different meaning.” There’s no reason the Universal Translator wouldn’t have been able to handle it as well as any other language and that’s one of the many plot holes that strain my suspension of disbelief for the universal translator specifically.

3. My language (a pidgin of Minnesotan and some internally generated Pattern Recognizer conlang) actually is untranslatable by any imaginable means, because (see point 1) at least half of it consists of trying to infer secret, cryptically encoded hints that other speakers may or may not have ever intended in the first place.